In
an era of globalisation and liberalisation of goods and services, there has
been surge inflows of the population in the form of temporary and permanent
migration all over the world. Due to immigration there has been increase in
cultural assimilation and cultural diffusion leading to cultural diversity
among nations receiving them.
Article
one in UNESCO Declaration on Cultural Diversity defines cultural diversity as
‘Diverse forms of culture across time and space which is embodied in the
uniqueness and plurality of the identities of the groups and societies making
up humankind and is a source of exchange, innovation and creativity.’
Many
researchers view that cultural diversity has positive impact on economic growth
and development. Article by Alejandro Martinez in provoke weekly publications
indicated that 80% of states with a high Gross Domestic Product Per Capita have
more than 50% diversity (ESRI Diversity Index, which is the likelihood that two
people from the same region belong to a different race or ethnic group).
Economists
Quamrul Ashraf of Williams College and Oded Galor of Brown University in their
study found that the interplay between cultural assimilation and cultural
diffusion plays an important role in economic development across the globe.
Their study suggested that cultural diversity and geographic openness matter
significantly to economic development.
Some
of areas that benefit from cultural diversification due to migration include
hospitality-food, travel and tourism, research, innovation, entrepreneurship
etc. Cultural diversity leads to diverse workforce. A diverse workforce would lead
to different skills and mindsets, increased understanding and knowledge,
creativity, generation of new ideas which in turn lead to business,
technological and cultural innovation.
In addition, global linkages increase as culturally diverse staff, particularly
migrant workers, may have international connections aiding the flow of labour,
goods and services.
Cultural
diversity also enhances diversity and competitiveness of economy as most of
migrants belong to youth population.
Richness
of resources and expanding markets has made many African countries an important
destination of immigration in post globalized era. Rwanda is one of African
countries attracting people due to emerging opportunities in business and
liberal policies. Over past few years population of Rwandan economy has become
very vibrant. Rwanda is receiving immigrants from all over the world. Major
drivers of migration among highly skilled labour include soaring education, IT
and engineering services demand in Rwanda.
Among
African countries immigrants have been contributing considerably to the growth
of many African nations. It has been boosting employment in the country and
also raising the income per capita. In addition, immigrants have a positive
impact on the government’s fiscal balance, mostly because they tend to pay more
in taxes.
Financial
services demand is main driver of migration in South Africa.
A
Guest Editorial
