West Africa, comprising 17 coastal countries from Mauritania to Nigeria, is endowed with vast maritime resources that support both livelihoods and economic activities. The region's ports are critical nodes in international trade networks, handling a substantial portion of the continent's imports and exports. According to the African Development Bank, West Africa's ports are projected to see significant growth in traffic volume, driven by economic expansion and increasing global trade flows.
However, alongside these economic benefits, maritime transport contributes to environmental challenges, including greenhouse gas emissions, oil spills, and
Efforts to integrate climate change considerations into maritime transport strategies are gaining momentum globally. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has set ambitious targets to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from shipping, aiming for a 50% reduction by 2050 compared to 2008 levels (IMO, 2021). In West Africa, initiatives such as the Maritime Organization of West and Central Africa (MOWCA) and regional climate action plans seek to harmonize regulatory frameworks and enhance maritime safety and environmental sustainability (UNECA, 2018).
This comparative review examines existing literature and case studies to evaluate the effectiveness of these initiatives in West Africa. By analyzing the region's current policies, technological advancements, and socio-economic factors, this study aims to provide insights into how maritime transport can be better integrated into broader climate change mitigation strategies.
Through a synthesis of academic research, policy documents, and practical examples, this review seeks to identify gaps and opportunities for enhancing the resilience and sustainability of West Africa's maritime transport sector. Ultimately, the findings aim to inform policymakers, stakeholders, and researchers on pathways towards achieving a balance between economic growth and environmental stewardship in the region.
Maritime transport plays a crucial role in the global economy, accounting for approximately 90% of international trade. However, the industry is also a significant contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, with an estimated 2-3% of global CO2 emissions attributed to maritime transport. West Africa, with its rapidly growing economies and increasing trade volumes, is particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change (UNEP)
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in exploring the role of maritime transport in climate change mitigation strategies in West Africa. Studies have highlighted the need for sustainable maritime transport practices, including the adoption of cleaner fuels, energy-efficient technologies, and optimized vessel operations.
A review of existing literature reveals a range of initiatives aimed at reducing GHG emissions from maritime transport in West Africa. For example, the African Development Bank has launched the "Africa Maritime Transport Charter" aimed at promoting sustainable maritime transport practices in the region.
Similarly, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) has developed a "Regional Maritime Transport Policy" that includes provisions for reducing GHG emissions from maritime transport.
The role of maritime transport in climate change mitigation strategies is a crucial aspect of global sustainability efforts. In West Africa, where the impact of climate change is particularly severe, the maritime sector plays a significant part in the region's economic activities and environmental challenges.
A Guest Editorial