The
United States Department of State has released the annual Country Report on
Human Rights Practices for The Gambia on March 3.
US
Ambassador to The Gambia Patricia Alsup said while the report was accurate for
the final months of former President Jammeh’s tenure in 2016, The Gambia is now
clearly embarked on a new and better path towards democracy and, most
importantly, respect for human rights.
She
added: “We expect that next year’s Human Rights Report will reflect a much more
positive image of The Gambia, including an end to human rights abuses and
legal, judicial and constitutional reforms that will guarantee basic freedoms
for all Gambians.
“In
fact, teams from the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and the
Department of Justice will visit next week to determine how the United States
can best support The Gambia transition to a nation that is truly democratic and
free.”
The full report is available on the State Department’s website at this link: http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2016&dlid=265258.
The
executive summary is below:
The
Gambia’s constitution enumerates a full range of provisions and assurances for
a multiparty democratic republic. Human rights organizations and opposition
parties, however, claimed the government repeatedly took steps to restrict the
democratic space.
In
2011 voters re-elected President Yahya Jammeh to a fourth term in a peaceful,
orderly election; however, international observers considered it neither free
nor fair. President Jammeh’s party, the Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation
and Construction (APRC), continued to dominate the political landscape, winning
an overwhelming majority of national assembly seats in the parliamentary
elections in 2012 and local assembly seats in local elections in 2013. Six of
the seven opposition parties boycotted or otherwise did not participate in both
the National Assembly and local government elections to protest government
intervention and intimidation of opponents.
Civilian
authorities at times did not maintain effective control over the security
forces. The regime responded with excessive force to peaceful public protests
on April 14, April 16, and May 9. More than 70 supporters of the United
Democratic Party (UDP) were arrested; several were beaten and tortured during
the three protests. Thirty of the detainees were convicted on July 20 and July
21, and sentenced to three years’ imprisonment. Two of the detainees died in
custody.
During
a period of political crisis, President Jammeh first accepted, and then
rejected, the results of a December 1 presidential election in which he was
defeated by Adama Barrow, the candidate of a coalition of opposition parties,
in what international observers assessed to be a fair and democratic vote. On
December 9, Jammeh declared that a new election would be conducted, and during
the month he authorized three petitions challenging the election results in the
Supreme Court.
Jammeh
refused to leave power despite visits by the UN special representative of the
secretary general for West Africa and the Sahel and two high-level Economic
Community of West African States (ECOWAS) negotiating teams.
Several
individuals wearing T-shirts with the slogan “#Gambia has decided” were
arrested between December 9 and the end of the year. The military occupied the
headquarters of the Independent Electoral Commission on December 13. In
December Jammeh also refused the requests of several local religious,
professional, nongovernmental, and civil society organizations that he hand
over power peacefully to President-elect Barrow.
The
most serious human rights abuses reported included torture, arbitrary arrest,
and prolonged pretrial and incommunicado detention; enforced disappearances of
citizens; and government harassment and abuse of its critics. Officials
routinely used various methods of intimidation to retain power.
Other
reported human rights abuses included a corrupt and inefficient judiciary; poor
prison conditions; denial of due process; restrictions on privacy and freedoms
of speech, press, and assembly; corruption; violence against women and girls,
including female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C); early and forced marriage;
trafficking in persons, including child prostitution; discrimination against
lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex individuals; and child labor.
The
government enacted laws banning FGM/C and early and forced marriage and took
steps to prosecute or punish some individuals who committed abuses.
Nevertheless, impunity and the lack of consistent enforcement remained
problems.
